Though Manga and Anime both fall into more classic categories such as action, adventure, drama, horror, and science-fiction, they're also divided up into categories determined by the group that they're being aimed at and other things. Knowing these classifications can make selecting a new Anime or Manga for you all the more easy.
Shônen is a genre that is aimed particularly at younger male audiences, usually around early adolescence or younger. Due to this most of the manga or anime within this category usually revolve around heavy action-oriented stories, most notably Dragon Ball (Z) and the popular Ninja-based anime Naruto.
Shôjo is the exact opposite of Shônen, meaning it's aimed at girls rather than boys. While there is still action, there's also romance interweaved into the plot along with usually strong female leads. The most notable anime or manga of this genre would undoubtedly be Sailor Moon (which also fits into several other categories) and its numerous lead females.
Mecha mainly speaks for itself. Based off the Japanese word for mechanical, mecha anime and manga revolves around pilots and their machines. These machines can be bipedal and massive or can be on the small side and have the form of jets. The best example of Mecha in anime would be the numerous Gundam Wing series and the numerous popular Macross (Robotech in the United States) series.
Sentai is a genre devoted to a group of heroes that work together to defeat the bad guy or evil. The team is usually super hero oriented in some way as seen in Cyborg 009, Ronin Warriors, or the immensely popular Sailor Moon.
Seinen is the older brother to the Shônen genre of anime and manga in the sense that it is aimed at older male audiences (up to young adults). The most popular seinen anime is undoubtedly Cowboy Bebop, though it has produced classics in the genre such as Akira, Ghost in the Shell and Lupin the III.
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